The average temperature of Sri Lanka usually ranges from 28 – 32 degrees Celsius which may differ due to global weather conditions as a whole. Figure 1. by SHIRMILEE IRESHA RAJAPAKSE (B.Sc.) 3: Agro-ecological map of Sri Lanka 7 Fig. 3: Agro-ecological map of Sri Lanka 7 Fig. The pre-history of Sri Lanka goes back 125,000 years and possibly even as far back as 500,000 years. resources in the wet zone of Sri Lanka is thus crucially needed to avoid further exploitation and endangering of groundwater resources. Island is divided in to two zones; southwest part as wet zone and northwest and southeast as dry zone. The severe threat facing by endemic fish is habitat degradation and water pollution by increased human activities. The human activities in private lands are regulated. View an annotated summary of … Other zones are the wet zone (high mean annual precipitation over The era spans the Palaeolithic, Mesolithic, and early Iron Ages.Among the Paleolithic human settlements discovered in Sri Lanka, Pahiyangala (named after the Chinese traveller monk Faxian), which dates back to 37,000 BP, Batadombalena (28,500 BP) and Belilena (12,000 BP) are the most important. Sri Lanka, an island in the Indian Ocean, has lagoons along 1,338 km of its coastline. Sri Lanka Sri Lanka is a small size country divided into three main climatic zones (wet, dry and intermediate) based on average annual rainfall. The rest of Sri Lanka has seasonal rainfall and is known as the ‘dry zone’. of Sri Lanka. Found inside – Page 113Most of these endemic freshwater fish species occur in the hill country forested streams of the wet zone. There are sophisticated interactions between fish ... km, stretching over 433 km from North to South (latitude 5°55 North to 9°51 North), and 244 km East to West at its widest point (longitude 79°41 East to 81°53 East). This zone undoubtedly bares highest amount of the biodiversity in the country. Wet zone land parcel is about 20 percent of the total land area and nearly 300 water falls out of total 450 are concentrated in this area Figure 1 (b). The Wet Zone covers the south-western region including the central hill country and receives relatively high mean annual … Sri Lanka is one of the 25 Biodiversity hot spots of the world. Found inside... and Main Activities: - To demarcate ecologically important areas in the Wet Zone ... To identify the potential human uses in Protected Areas which are ... Fax: +94 11 2 883 3555 Janaranjana Herath. 200 BCE to 1200 CE); in this sense, the dry zone is deeply shaped by historical human activities. The in Sri Lanka is tropical and consists of very distinctive dry and wet seasons. The temperature can vary from being as low as 16 degrees Celsius in Nuwara Eliya which belo Water sources are being replenished by the rain except in dry season and unexpected droughts. There are three different climatic zones in the country: wet, intermediate, and dry. Found inside – Page 425Sri Lanka's unique geology and geomorphology have imparted some special characteristics ... is markedly different in the dry zone as against the wet zone. Annual rainfall for each climate zone is over 2,000 mm/year for wet zones, between 1,500-2,000 mm for intermediate zones and 1,500 mm/year for dry zones (IGES 2007). It is now reported from over half the country and almost the entire Dry Zone. Coastal Zone ! 5: Population density by districts in Sri Lanka 17 Sri Lanka’s coastal zone contributes 40 percent to the national GDP and is pivotal for economic development. Geographically, there are three climatic zones in Sri Lanka: western and southwestern areas form the wet zone; north-western and western slopes of the central mountain form the intermediate zone; and north, north-east, east and south-east areas form the dry zone (Fig. Found inside – Page 4Malaria transmission in the wet zone is of a more stable type. annual incidence of malaria for Sri Lanka during the past years is shown in Table ... Sri Lanka, formerly called "Ceylon", is an island nation in the Indian Ocean, southeast of the Indian subcontinent, in a strategic location near major Indian Ocean sea lanes. in Sri Lanka is carried out in the two main seasons ‘Yala’ and ‘Maha’. Sri Lanka being a small island of 65,610 square kilometers and a population of 20 million receive fairly adequate rainfall. As many as 102 species of the birds in Sri Lanka are … This paper. Indeed, people in Sri Lanka already face the problem of safe drinking water due to the use of chemicals in agricultural activities in the country’s dry zones. Background: Leptospirosis is one of the most significant zoonoses across the world not only because of its impact on human and animal health but also because of the economic and social impact on agrarian communities. Download PDF. National Parks National Parks are the areas allowed for the public to see and study wildlife. The southwest quarter of the island known as the ‘wet zone’, receives rain throughout the year. Found inside – Page 164A large part of its western boundary is being adversely affected by illegal human activities such as settlement and cultivation ... Horton Plains National Park is the only national park in the wet zone located in the Central Province . ... The great zoologist Sir Ernst Haeckel , on an expedition to Sri Lanka in the 1880s , records vivid descriptions and paintings of Horton Plains including large herds of elephants ... : [14,17]). Found inside – Page 86The wet zone catchment area is comparatively smaller totaling only up to 19% of all catchment areas of Sri Lanka. Although small in area, the rivers flowing ... While Sri Lanka continues to boast a rich biodiversity, more efforts are required to safeguard the environment. There are 14 NPs declared covering the entire range of ecosystems of Sri Lanka. Hans. Found inside – Page 55There are a few ways in which climatic zones within Sri Lanka are defined of which two are frequently used. One defines a Wet Zone in the southwestern ... In Sri Lanka’s rivers, Tilapia fish is the dominant group of fishes, and invaded the entire dry zone, most estuaries and lagoons in the dry and wet zones, reservoirs, and rivers of wet zone lowlands up to 600 meters elevation. The wet zone rainforests are home to nearly all of the country’s woody endemic plants, and about 75% of … 44 Pages. The wet mid- and up-country areas are often perceived as the main dairy-producing areas (Table 2). 4: Change of land :man ratio in Sri Lanka over time 10 Fig. Uma Oya starts from Pidurutalagala (Sri Lanka’s highest mountain) and reaches Mahaweli River at the Rantambe reservoir. Email: dg@dwc.gov.lk. ASSOCIATED WITH ROCK OUTCROPS IN WET ZONE, SRI LANKA. Found inside – Page 125The fluctuation of lake volumes is the comprehensive result of water balance in the basin, which is highly sensitive to climate change and human activities ... Found inside – Page 52From resource perspectives the most pronounced feature concerning the availability of land in Sri Lanka is its long - term trend of ... for agriculture , human settlements and other more common human activities is considerably less than the total extent of the land . ... Zonal Variations of Land Use percent of total area in each category Land use category Wet Zone Central Dry Zone Sri Lanka Lowlands ... Human Health! Sri Lanka has been known as an Island, which has a diverse variety of ... and strength of early human tropical forest encounters. Sri Lanka‘s biodiversity is largely found in the wet zone of the country although the dry forest ecosystems are severely threatened due to development pressures. With a land area of 65,610 square kilometers (km 2) and 1,340 km of coastline, Sri Lanka is highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. Found inside – Page 41There is still a lack of data on the impacts of human activities in the coastal hinterland on the coastal morphodynamics in Sri Lanka . ... This may result in unpredictable consequences not only for the coastal zone of Sri Lanka but also for the economy of the whole country . ... Goudie , A. ( 1988 ) , The Human Impact on the Natural Environment , ( England ) . ... Areas of the “ Wet Zone " of Sri Lanka's Uplands with Special Regard to the Problem of Soil Erosion ' , Sri Lankan Forester , Vol . Sri Lanka has a striking variety of forest types brought about by spatial variations in rainfall, altitude and soil. Additionally, elephants, as a keystone species, proactively maintain grassland landscapes through their feeding behaviour (p. 36). Indeed, people in Sri Lanka already face the problem of safe drinking water due to the use of chemicals in agricultural activities in the country’s dry zones. Lowland wet zone represents the lands below 1000mm in elevation in the south western parts of Sri Lanka. Found inside – Page 23A fruitful relationship Most of IUCN ' s programme activities in Sri Lanka are being implemented through institutions and ... a rapid appraisal of biodiversity , endemism and hydrological values of the more important wet zone forests which had been identified for production management . ... opportunities of adjacent communities and , it is hoped , decrease human dependence - and impact – on the forests . People. Crocodiles, monitor lizards, and Sri Lanka’s largest snake, the python, are also native. Sri Lanka is divided into three agroecological climate zones depending on annual precipitation, including dry zone. It’s a tropical environment with no significant dry spells or climatic changes, and air temperature is fairly constant throughout the year, ranging from 25 – 27 °C. 4: Change of land :man ratio in Sri Lanka over time 10 Fig. 1: Spatial distribution of annual rainfall in Sri Lanka 4 Fig. Found inside – Page 28The wet zone in southwestern Sri Lanka is relatively malaria free since water logging is ... human activity is heavily dependent on elements of the natural ... Thushara Ranasinghe. Tanks are human-made reservoirs, relicts of Sri Lanka’s irrigation-based “hydraulic civilisation” (ca. On rainfall distribution, Sri Lanka has traditionally been classified into three climatic zones viz; the Wet Zone, Dry Zone and Intermediate Zone. Found inside – Page 187It is estimated that about 30% of the drylands in Sri Lanka is degraded and unsustainable for agriculture, while 30% of tea lands in the wet zone are ... The aim of this study was to identify the phytochemical constituents and to determine the antifungal and antibacterial activities of Psidium guajava leaf extracts from dry zone and wet zone of Sri Lanka. Department of Wildlife Conservation, 811A, Jayanthipura, Battaramulla, Sri Lanka. The ‘wet zone’ of southwestern Sri Lanka is an area receiving annual rainfall of 2000-3000 mm, much of which arrives during the South-West monsoons between March and August. Water Related Poverty in Dry Zone of Sri Lanka. the wet zone and severe drought conditions in the dry zone. Typical examples of the influence of climate and vegetation in the distribution of snakes are: the two species of kraits that inhabit Sri Lanka: Bungarus ceylonicus (Ceylon or Sri Lanka krait) inhabits the wet and intermediate climatic zones from 30 m up to 2000 m above the mean sea level and Bungarus caeruleus (Common krait) is mainly confined to the dry zone plains up to about 300 m. Sri Lanka‘s biodiversity is largely found in the wet zone of the country although the dry forest ecosystems are severely threatened due to development pressures. Sri Lanka - Sri Lanka - Industry: Sri Lanka’s mineral-extraction industries include mining of gemstones and graphite; excavation of beach sands containing ilmenite and monazite; and quarrying kaolin, apatite, quartz sand, clay, and salt. It's headwaters being in Sri Lanka's "wet zone" the Mahaweli Ganga flows the whole year through and provides water for agriculture, especially in the eastern dry zone. Rising on the Hatton Plateau (located on western side of the islands hill country) it travels through a tea and rubber growing region & turns east near to Kandy. in the wet zone of the country. While our study shows a strong implication of social-ecological dynamisms of snakebites in dry and wet-dry climate zones in Sri Lanka, other studies have already invoked similar mechanisms to explain observed patterns of risk in rural communities outside of Sri Lanka (e.g. IUCN programme on Restoring Traditional Cascading Tank Systems Technical Note # 6 Conservation of Soil Resources of the Kapiriggama Village Tank Cascade System Groundwater samples were collected from above climatic zones and analyzed for their major anion and cation contents. Some districts in the wet zone with ample per capita water supply will be severely water-scarce in the economic sense so that they will have to develop a The Human–Elephant Conflict (HEC) is widespread in Sri Lanka. According to Sri Lanka’s 2012 census, 31.3% of the population was 10–29 years of age, and only 12.4% was >60 years of age . 1: Spatial distribution of annual rainfall in Sri Lanka 4 Fig. Other ecoregions in Sri Lanka are the Sri Lankan Wet Zone, the Sri Lankan dry zone, the Southwestern Sri Lanka Rivers and Streams, and the Wet and South Indian Shelf. View the Sites in the Ramsar Sites Information Service. Climatic zones of Sri Lanka Rainfall below 1,750 mm - Dry zone 1,750 - 2,500 mm - Inter mediate zone above 2,500 mm - Wet zone 6. The natural vegetation too displays diversity and distribution generally in accordance with this division, with some variation within each zone. Excavations carried out in prehistoric caves in the low country wet zone has shown that in the last 50,000 years, the temperature in the lowland rainforests Endemic to southwestern Sri Lanka where it is restricted to the Kalu, Bentota, Gin, and Nilwala river basins in the southwestern ‘wet zone’ of the island, with type locality given as ‘Kaluganga River, near Illukvattai ferry on Ratnapura to Gilimalé road, Sabaragamuwa Province’.. The people of Sri Lanka are divided into ethnic groups. The four major ethnic groups are the Sinhalese, Tamils, Muslims and Burghers. In that year, Sri Lanka reported the highest forest fire Lowland Wet Zone. Ecosystem [Lands and Land Use (Human Settlement & Infrastructure)] Sri Lanka has identified adaptation is the most suitable way to face climate change issues The natural vegetation too displays diversity and distribution generally in accordance with this division, with some variation within each zone. There is archaeological evidence that the island was inhabited as early as 10,000 B.C.E. Thushara Ranasinghe. This is reproduced below. ... many activities identified in the above national plans. Found insideThis report reviews the status of climate change (CC) research/activities in Sri Lanka in terms of observed and projected climatic changes, their impacts on water resources and agriculture, CC mitigation and adaptation, and research needs. •Kandynd2 Largest city • Hilly area • Population: – Residential 150,000/d – Floating 350,000/d – Area 2,645 ha (26.45 km2) •Rely on onsite septic tank The wet zone receives a mean annual rainfall of 2,500 mm, mostly during the two monsoon seasons. The country has the highest Biodiversity per 10,000 square km in Asia. zone is less than 1200 mm [24], average annual evaporation is 1400 mm and average temperature is about 33 °C [25]. Found inside – Page 97... food security, energy security, water security and human health. ... risks on groundwater contamination with herbicides in the wet zone of Sri Lanka. To identify proper management practices, the groundwater data available for the wet zone of Sri Lanka should be collected and analysed properly using appropriate analysis methods. Found inside – Page 127Rainfall is one of the influencing factors for human activities not only in ... changes in rainfall patterns in both the dry and wet zones in Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka in monsoonal Asia….Despite what national level statistics say, water availability in some districts will be a significant constraint for future social and economic development….. 3. Sri Lanka is an island at the southern tip of India with a land area of nearly 65,610 km 2 and population of 21.4 million and is divided into three climatic zones, i.e., dry, wet… ... many activities identified in the above national plans. Background The ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka has many root causes and consequences that are closely interlinked. Found inside – Page 503Tropical rain forests in Sri Lanka: characteristics, history of human impact ... dry zone, but only 9% in the wet zone where Sri Lanka's rain forests occur. As of July 2017, the estimated population of Sri Lanka … The distribution of soil types in Sri Lanka, … It has an area of 66,000 sq. Fig. The nation has a total area of 65,610 square kilometres (25,330 sq mi), with 64,630 square kilometres (24,950 sq mi) of land and 980 square kilometres (380 sq mi) of water. The special economic zone in Sri Lanka is set to get a gaming regulation, and the Economic Commission has been tasked with its regulation. zones of Sri Lanka using InVEST sediment delivery ratio model. Found inside – Page 489It has contributed to the movement of population away from many of the densely populated wet zone areas, where the pressure on land had become more acute, ... Found inside – Page 263750575 A residential laboratory for the study of human eating behavior . ... India , Nepal , Philippines , Sri Lanka , and Thailand . 6 Fig. Found inside – Page 4Situation Upto the British Period Human interference with the natural environment would have been greatest in and around ... activities of King Parakramabahu I ( 1164–1297 A. D. ) did not extend to the hill country above 457m or the Wet Zone ... Found inside – Page 14... wet logs . Hoplobatrachus crassus is the largest of the Sri Lankan frogs and very common in this area . ... Rana temporalis was found in rocky habitats with streams and in the leaf litter in the rain forest throughout the wet zone . Lankanectes ... Therefore, it has a rich biodiversity. Water Related Poverty in Dry Zone of Sri Lanka. Found inside – Page 137The only category which is restricted to the Wet Zone ( D1 , 2 , 3 ) is the Ilicineae ( Trimen 1893 : 264 - 5 ) . ... it would be futile to hypothesise : considering the stratigraphy , they could even represent human activity during the Holocene . On the ... It is currently reported from 19 districts and 131 Divisional Secretariat divisions. Distribution. Found inside – Page 69The Lyre Head Lizard Lyriocephalus scutatus (Vulnerable) is endemic to the southwest wet zone of Sri Lanka. Habitat degradation caused by human activities ... These different climatic zones constitute a unique natural feature of the country. 2: Three major climatic zones of Sri Lanka. Found inside – Page 264human settlement schemes in the dry zone of Sri Lanka . ... of artificial insemination in small - holder farms in the mid - country wet zone of Sri Lanka . The most sensitive areas with regard to biodiversity and threats due to development pressures are: (i) the South West and Central wet zone; (ii) the South Eastern Found inside – Page 98... W88-02023 2103 SA Influence of Biological Activity on GAC Performance , W88-02297 2103 5D Survey of Potential ... Botswana , W88-07524 2109 2A 5C DIRKSEN , C. Water and Salt Transport in Daily Irrigated Root Zone , W88-06443 2108 ... Time , and Biomass on Wet Air Regeneration of Carbon , W88-03830 2105 5D DIRNBERGER , J. M. Advective Effects ... Heavy Metal Abundances in the Kandy LakeAn Environmental Case Study from Sri Lanka , W88-06877 2109 5B DILL ... Department of Wildlife Conservation, 811A, Jayanthipura, Battaramulla, Sri Lanka. zone is less than 1200 mm [24], average annual evaporation is 1400 mm and average temperature is about 33 °C [25]. Uma Oya is one of the major tributaries of Mahaweli River, the longest river in Sri Lanka. 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